Transfer sheet



-tages must be added the Patented May 4, 1943 TRANSFER SHEET FrederickA. Quick, Bellerose, N. Y., assig'nor to All Purpose Gold Corporation,Brooklyn,'N. Y:, a, corporation of New York No Drawing. ApplicationSeptember 4, 1940,

' Serial No. 355,375,

7 Claims. (01. 117-36) This invention relates generally to transfersheets, that is to sheets from which material may be transferred to areceiving surface by suitable treatment. More particularly thisinvention relates to transfer sheets the transferable matter on which isin the form of an unbroken film of solid material, desired portions ofwhich may be transferred to a receiving surface by the application ofpressure and without any other treatment or the application of heat orsolvents.

Coordinately therewith my invention relates to a method of making atransfersheet of the character mentioned.

Before discussing my invention in detail I will premise that my improvedtransfer sheet comprises a sheet, hereinafter called the "carrier sheeton which is imposed a coating, hereinafter referred to as thetransfer'rable film, portions of which may be caused to adhere to asurface, hereinafter referred to as the receiving surface by applyingpressure to the reverse side of the carrier sheet so as to press itagainst the receiving surface.

In its illustrative embodiment and practice selected for disclosure inthis application my invention has been described in its application toso-called album paper," which is a rough-surfaced, black paperordinarily used in photograph albums for mounting photo prints thereonand also used in the moving picture film industry for the writing oftitles thereon. While it has been so described,-it will be understoodthat my invention is not necessarily so restricted, but may haveapplication to other kinds of paper and to surfaces of material otherthan paper. Nor is it necessarily restricted to material that is blackin color.

When it is desired to inscribe matter such as a title or to applydecorative matter on such album paper, it is customary, according to thepresent conventional practice, to use white ink (Chinese white) or whitecrayon.

Both of these media leave much to be desired. With white ink uniformityis difficult of attainment, and then only with the greatest care, andunless such uniformity is attainedit is diificult to obtain satisfactoryphotographic reproduction, which of course is essential where the ink isused on a moving picture film. To these disadvaninconvenience of keepingon hand equipment comprising liquid ink and the necessary assortment ofbrushes and White crayon on the other hand leaves a greasy surface andthe markings are not uniform and have a grayish appearance for whichreason they are unsuitable for photographic reproduction.

. These'disadvantages are overcome by my 'in-' vention which has all theconvenience of use of carbon paper and which gives clear and distinctmarkings of uniform appearance and which are constituted byportionsof asolid film. In the particular application of my invention hereindisclosed the markings are continuous, opaque, white film portions,which stand out sharply and distinctly from the black back-ground.

It is the general object of my invention to provide in a tranfer sheetof the character described, a, simple, effective and inexpensivecomposition and structure and further to provide a simple" effective andinexpensive method for manufacturi-ng such a sheet.

It is among the more particular objects of my: invention to provide in atransfer sheet of the character describeda carrier sheet and atransferable film on said carrier sheet having such adhesive propertiesthat whenever pressure is applied to the reverse side of the carriersheet so as to press the film side against a receiving surface, aportion of said transferable film will separate from the carrier sheetand will adhere to the receiving surface, and the portion of the film sotransferred will be substantially coextensive with the area to which thepressure has been applied.

It is further among the more particular objects of my invention toprovide in a transfer sheet a transferable film having opposed-surfacesthe adhesive properties of which are not the same.

It is alsoamong the more particular objects of my invention to providein a transfersheet a transferable film the adhesion of which'to thecarrier sheet is less than its adhesion to a receiving surface, andfurther a transferable film the cohesive properties of which are such inrelation to its adhesive properties, that pressure'of portions thereofagainst a receiving surface will cause only those portions to separatfrom the carrier and from the other parts of the film and to adhere tothe receiving surface, while those portions to which no pressure hasbeen applied zivlirlll1 remain in adhesive contact with the carrier myinvention now to be disclosed.

I My improved transfer sheet may be most conveniently described inconnection with the process of its manufacture. I

As a base or carrier sheet I use a. sheet of material that has surfacecharacteristics so related to the transferable film to be imposedthereon that it will permit separation of the film fromthe carrier sheetunder the conditions of use,

in transferring portions of film having a desired v configuration. a I

I have found Cellophane to be a material satisfactory in actualpractice. Where Cellophane is used for the carrier sheet the, bestresults were obtained with a thickness of four an one-halfone-thousandths of an inch. Q

Oiled silk and certain kinds of paper may also be mentioned amongmaterials suitable for my purpose. Cellulose acetate'is also suitablebut is not adapted for a continuous process of manufacture in which thematerial is used in rolls,

as it becomes soft under the action of the solvents used in applying thecoating. However, it can be used in sheet form'and the coating can beapplied by brush.

To one side of this carrier sheet is applied the transferable film,which, as already mentioned, is to possess the property of adhering to areceiving surface and separatingfrom the carrier sheet under pressureapplied tothe reverse side of the latter, and further as having suchcohesive propertiesthat only the portions p'ressedon will so adhere-andseparate- Thepressure that is j to eifect separation may be either agliding pressure as by applying a stylus, or an'impact pressure,

asby the keys of a typewriter.

the base for sucha coating Ihave found hellac gum to be suitable. Thisis modified by theaddition of'other gums to obtain the desired adhesiveand cohesive properties, and further has suitable plasticizers addedthereto to obtain ture,.of;. ahoutl20 Iiahrenheitxand the drying As apreferred formula for the first coat I may give the following:

Into these ingredients, afteri mixing is ground a pigment comprising:

Pounds Titanium dioxide 2 Zinc oxidee 1 Cha1k V2 China clay' -I Thisgrinding operation, when performed in a mill, is complete in about onehour.

The. quantities given havebeen found sufllcient to cover about 800square feet of the carrier sheet.

The coated sheet isthen-dried at a tempera- ""Ipro'cess,}whenTperformedby .passing the sheet and maintain, the desired consistency. In order togive body to the coating and to obtain opacity,

or color where that is'desired, pigments are also added. 7 t

For purposes of application an alcoholic solution of these ingredientsis conveniently made.

In order to obtain adhesive characteristics that are different for thetwo surfaces of thisfilm I make it in two layers'or coats, the first ofwhich may be a main layer, that gives body to the film and determinesits cohesive properties, while the second is a coating for one surfaceof this main layer that is intended to change the adhesive properties ofthat surface.

.- When application of this film is made by an alcoholic solution,alcohol soluble gums are required. It will be understood, however, thatmy invention also contemplates solution in other solvents and the use ofgums soluble therein even though not soluble in alcohol, provided theyare suitable for the attainment of the objects of my invention.

I have found that when shellac gum and san-.

darac gum are used in the first coat together with pigments thequalities requisite in thesecond coat are attained by the use of shellacgum and Pontianak gum.

through a drying tunnel, has been found to take about two and one halfminutes. g

A preferred formula for the secondcoat is the following:

Shellac g oz 6 Pontianak gum oz 2 Ethyl alcohol quarts 10 Toluol "oz. 10Ethyl acetate oz 10 Methyl alcohol e -oz .10 Glycerine oz 16 Dibutylphthalate oz 13 This quantity has been found sufiicient to coat about2,000 "square'f tg. r

This coat is dried ata-temperature ofabout;

150 Fahrenheit. When carried in a drying tunnel thisoperation hasbeenfound to take about two and one-half minutes. a w a Thereafter the rollsor sheets'may be out into sizes suitable for sale and may be otherwisetreated to prepare it for the market.

It will be understood that the quantities given in' the above formulasmaybe departed from and still give satisfactory results, although thebest results are obtainedwhen the exact quantities are used. I haveobtained satisfactory results when the quantities given are varied 10%.

As an added feature of my invention I may coat the reverse (or uncoated)side of the carrier sheet with a waterproof coating. With such a Icoating I find that the lasting qualities of my improved transfer sheetare greatly improved.

Where the reverse side. is to be written on I have found that a betterwriting surface is secured by applying a coating of nitrocelluloselacquer to this reverse side.

If desired the coating on the reverse side may combine the two qualitiesof being waterproof and providing a betterwriting surface.

In using my improved transfer sheet it will be understood that it islaid face down on the receiving surface, that is so that thetransferable film lies in contact with the receiving surface and somesuitable instrument such as a stylus or a pencil traces the matter thatis to appear on the receiving surface on the reverse side of .be obviousthat instead called for by the appended claims.

- alcoholic varnish composed of sheet to which pressure has been appliedfrom the carrier sheet,-and its adtions of the carrier hesion tothereceiving surface, are effected. v

Where the carrier sheet is transparent the course of the tracingoperation will bereadily observable during the operation due to thechanged appearance'of the sheetas the opaque the transparent carriersheet.

Where this effect not necessary to use such as transparent Cellophane,"and opaque or semi-opaque or translucent materials or materials havingopaque or semi-opaque or translucent coats thereon may be used in thecarrier 7 sheet.

Obviously instead of the tracing operation be ing performed directly onthe reverse. side of the pattern sheet may be superposed.

carrier sheet a thereover and the tracing operation performed thetracing and pressure operation carried out by following the pattern onthe pattern sheet.

From what hasalready been said it will also production in any desiredcolor and thatv it is not necessarily restricted to opaque films, but

that for particular purposes transparent" or translucent transferablefilms may be found preferable.

While I have hereindisclosed one illustrative embodiment of my inventionand one illustrative manner of practising the same, it will beunderstood that it may be embodied in many forms and practised in manyother ways, as will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and that thedisclosure herein is by way of illustration merely is not desired it isobviously;

a transparent carrier slfeet,

i of a white transferable film my improved transfer sheet lendsitself-to transferable film portions'becomeseparatedfrom and is not tobe interpreted in a limiting sense,

and that I do not limit myself other than as Having thus described myinvention and illustrated its use, what I secure by Letters Patent. is:

1. A transfer sheet of Cellophane" and a transferable film on one sidethereof, said film comprising two layers,

2. A transfer sheet comprisinga carrier sheet of Cellophane havingawaterproof coating on one-side and a transferable film on the, otherside thereof, saidfllmcomprisin'g two layers, the first being produced'by' the application an alcoholic varnish composed of V applied atthe'rate of "about" 800 squareflf eet of surface for the quantity given,and the second coat being produced by coholic varnish corn'posed oi jShellac gum v oz 6 Pontianakgum 'I 'oz" -,2 Ethyl alcohol qts 1'0 Toluoloz 10 Ethyl acetate -0Z.'

Methyl alcohoL, oz 10 Glycerine s oz' 16 Dibutyl phthalate oz 13 at therate of about 2,000 quantity given.

square feet for 3. A transfer sheet comprising a carrier sheet and atransferable'film on one side thereof, said claim as new and desire tocomprising a carrier'sheet thefirst being produced by the application ofan alcoholic varnish composed of applied at the rate of about 800 squarefeet of Shellac gum oz 12 Sandarac gum oz 8 Ethyl alcohol qts 10' Butylalcohol qt 1 Glycerine oz 4' Castor oil oz 2 in which is suspended fTitanium dioxide lbs 2 Zinc Oxide lb 1 Chalk lb China clay lb surfacefor the quantity given, and the second coat being produced by theapplication of, an

Shellac gum oz 6 Pontianak gum oz 2 Ethyl alcohol qts 10 Toluol oz 10Ethyl acetate oz 10 Methyl alcohoL. oz 10 Glycerine oz 16 Dibutylphthalate oz Shellac gum oz 6: Pontianal; gurn oz 2 Ethyl al'cohoL, qts10 Toluol oz s p10 Ethyl acetate 0Z I 10 I Methyl alcohol oz 10Glycerine oz 16 Dibutyl phthalate oz '13 at the rate of about 2.000square feet for the 0 quantity given.

composed of I film comprising two layers, the first, being produced bythe application of an alcoholic varnish Shellac gumapplied at the rateofabout 800'square feet of surface. for the quantity given, and thesecond coat being, produoed'by the application of an H alcoholic varnishcomposed of at the rate ofabout 2000 square feet for the quan- 4. Themethod of manufacturing atransfer sheet which comprises the steps ofapplying to the apiilicationfof an a}; r

the

at therate of about 800 for the quantity given .an a temperature or theorder of 120? Fahrenheit, then applyingover the coating so produced asolutlon comprising Shellac g Toluol Ethyl ac Methyl alcohol GlycerineDibutyl 'phth nlafp one sideof a thin sheet of smooth, transparentCellophane a solution comp square feet of I surface d dryingsaid-coating at at the rate of about 2000 square feet of surface for thequantity given, and drying said sheet at a temperature of the order of150 Fahrenheit.

5. The-method of manufacturing a transfer sheet which comprises thesteps of applying to a carrier sheet a first coat comprising shellac gumand sandarac gum in solutiontogether with plasticizers and pigments,drying said coat and superposing on said'first coat a coat comprisingshellac gum and Pontianak gum in solution together with plasticizers anddrying said coating. 6. The method of manufacturing a transfer" sheetwhich comprises the steps of applying to a carrier sheet a solutioncomprising shellac gum and-sandarac gum and then applying a'secondsolution comprising shellac gum and Pontianak gum.

"l. The continuous process of manufacturing a transfer sheet whichcomprises applying to a roll of material constituting a carrier sheet,by means of a roller coater, a first coat comprising shellac gum,sandarac gum and pigments, drying saidicoat by passing it through adrying tunnel, applying asecond coat comprising shellac gum andPontianak gum by means-of a roller coater,

' and drying said second coat by passing it through I a drying tunnel.

FREDERICK ,A. QUICK.

